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Review Article

Advances in Livestock Nuclear Transfer

Animal Science Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Missouri 65211–5300

Cloning and transgenic animal production have been greatly enhanced by the development of nuclear transfer technology. In the past, genetic modification in domestic animals was not tightly controlled. With the nuclear transfer technology one can now create some domestic animals with specific genetic modifications. An ever-expanding variety of cell types have been successfully used as donors to create the clones. Both cell fusion and microinjection are successfully being used to create these animals. However, it is still not clear which stage(s) of the cell cycle for donor and recipient cells yield the greatest degree of development. While for the most part gene expression is reprogrammed in nuclear transfer embryos, all structural changes may not be corrected as evidenced by the length of the telomeres in sheep resulting from nuclear transfer. Even after these animals are created the question of "are they really clones?" arises due to mitochondrial inheritance from the donor cell versus the recipient oocyte. This review discusses these issues as they relate to livestock.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				R. S. Prather, P. Sutovsky, and J. A. Green Nuclear Remodeling and Reprogramming in Transgenic Pig Production Experimental Biology and Medicine, December 1, 2004; 229(11): 1120 - 1126. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Kühholzer, R.J. Hawley, L. Lai, D. Kolber-Simonds, and R.S. Prather Clonal Lines of Transgenic Fibroblast Cells Derived from the Same Fetus Result in Different Development When Used for Nuclear Transfer in Pigs Biol Reprod, June 1, 2001; 64(6): 1695 - 1698. [Abstract] [Full Text]