| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
* Unidad de Biología Celular, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Laboratorio de Trasplante de Médula Osea, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
Within the bone marrow stroma there exists a subset of nonhematopoietic cells referred to as mesenchymal stem or mesenchymal progenitor cells. These cells can be ex vivo expanded and induced, either in vitro or in vivo, to terminally differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, tenocytes, myotubes, neural cells, and hematopoietic-supporting stroma. The multipotential of these cells, their easy isolation and culture, as well as their high ex vivo expansive potential make these cells an attractive therapeutic tool. In this work we will review the information dealing with the biology of mesenchymal progenitors as it has been revealed mainly by ex vivo studies performed with bone marrow-derived cells. The discussed topics include, among others, characteristics of mesenchymal progenitors, evidence for the existence of a vast repertoire of uncommitted and committed progenitors both in the bone marrow and in mesenchymal tissues, a diagram for their proliferative hierarchy, and comments on mobilization, microenvironment, and clinical use of mesenchymal progenitors. Despite the enormous data available at molecular and cellular levels, it is evident that a number of fundamental questions still need to be resolved before mesenchymal progenitors can be used for safe and effective clinical applications in the context of both cell and gene therapies.
Key Words: mesenchymal stem cells • marrow stromal cells • uncommitted mesenchymal progenitors • human mesenchymal stem cells • characteristics mesenchymal progenitors
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  N. Sakai, H. Terami, S. Suzuki, M. Haga, K. Nomoto, N. Tsuchida, K.-i. Morohashi, N. Saito, M. Asada, M. Hashimoto, et al. Identification of NR5A1 (SF-1/AD4BP) gene expression modulators by large-scale gain and loss of function studies J. Endocrinol., September 1, 2008; 198(3): 489 - 497. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. H. Moon, J. R. Lee, B. C. Jee, C. S. Suh, S. H. Kim, H. J. Lim, and H. K. Kim Successful vitrification of human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells Hum. Reprod., August 1, 2008; 23(8): 1760 - 1770. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.E. Schwab, P. Hutchinson, and C.E. Gargett Identification of surface markers for prospective isolation of human endometrial stromal colony-forming cells Hum. Reprod., April 1, 2008; 23(4): 934 - 943. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. M. Hoben, E. J. Koay, and K. A. Athanasiou Fibrochondrogenesis in Two Embryonic Stem Cell Lines: Effects of Differentiation Timelines Stem Cells, February 1, 2008; 26(2): 422 - 430. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Otsuru, K. Tamai, T. Yamazaki, H. Yoshikawa, and Y. Kaneda Circulating Bone Marrow-Derived Osteoblast Progenitor Cells Are Recruited to the Bone-Forming Site by the CXCR4/Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 Pathway Stem Cells, January 1, 2008; 26(1): 223 - 234. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Chamberlain, J. Fox, B. Ashton, and J. Middleton Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Their Phenotype, Differentiation Capacity, Immunological Features, and Potential for Homing Stem Cells, November 1, 2007; 25(11): 2739 - 2749. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Chang, P.-H. Lai, H.-J. Wei, W.-W. Lin, C.-H. Chen, S.-M. Hwang, S.-C. Chen, and H.-W. Sung Tissue regeneration observed in a basic fibroblast growth factor-loaded porous acellular bovine pericardium populated with mesenchymal stem cells J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., July 1, 2007; 134(1): 65 - 73. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Rao Introducing a New Stem Cells Series Stem Cells, July 1, 2007; 25(7): 1602 - 1602. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Ohnishi, T. Yasuda, S. Kitamura, and N. Nagaya Effect of Hypoxia on Gene Expression of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Mononuclear Cells Stem Cells, May 1, 2007; 25(5): 1166 - 1177. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. De Becker, P. Van Hummelen, M. Bakkus, I. Vande Broek, J. De Wever, M. De Waele, and I. Van Riet Migration of culture-expanded human mesenchymal stem cells through bone marrow endothelium is regulated by matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 Haematologica, April 1, 2007; 92(4): 440 - 449. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Jeong, K.-M. Ko, S. Bae, C.-J. Jeon, G. Young Koh, and H. Kim Genome-Wide Differential Gene Expression Profiling of Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Stem Cells, April 1, 2007; 25(4): 994 - 1002. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Kasper, N. Dankert, J. Tuischer, M. Hoeft, T. Gaber, J. D. Glaeser, D. Zander, M. Tschirschmann, M. Thompson, G. Matziolis, et al. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulate Angiogenesis According to Their Mechanical Environment Stem Cells, April 1, 2007; 25(4): 903 - 910. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-l. Yen, C.-C. Chien, I.-m. Chiu, H.-I Huang, Y.-C. Chen, H.-I Hu, and B. L. Yen Multilineage Differentiation and Characterization of the Human Fetal Osteoblastic 1.19 Cell Line: A Possible In Vitro Model of Human Mesenchymal Progenitors Stem Cells, January 1, 2007; 25(1): 125 - 131. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. S. Jeon, H. J. Moon, M. J. Lee, H. Y. Song, Y. M. Kim, Y. C. Bae, J. S. Jung, and J. H. Kim Sphingosylphosphorylcholine induces differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells into smooth-muscle-like cells through a TGF-{beta}-dependent mechanism J. Cell Sci., December 1, 2006; 119(23): 4994 - 5005. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Y. Rochefort, B. Delorme, A. Lopez, O. Herault, P. Bonnet, P. Charbord, V. Eder, and J. Domenech Multipotential Mesenchymal Stem Cells Are Mobilized into Peripheral Blood by Hypoxia Stem Cells, October 1, 2006; 24(10): 2202 - 2208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Nishimori, M. Deie, A. Kanaya, H. Exham, N. Adachi, and M. Ochi Repair of chronic osteochondral defects in the rat: A BONE MARROW-STIMULATING PROCEDURE ENHANCED BY CULTURED ALLOGENIC BONE MARROW MESENCHYMAL STROMAL CELLS J Bone Joint Surg Br, September 1, 2006; 88-B(9): 1236 - 1244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Chen, H. Xu, C. Wan, M. McCaigue, and G. Li Bioreactor Expansion of Human Adult Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stem Cells, September 1, 2006; 24(9): 2052 - 2059. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Mannello Commentary: Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Recruitment, Migration, and Differentiation: What Have Matrix Metalloproteinases Got to Do with It? Stem Cells, August 1, 2006; 24(8): 1904 - 1907. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Song, N. E. Webb, Y. Song, and R. S. Tuan Identification and Functional Analysis of Candidate Genes Regulating Mesenchymal Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Multipotency Stem Cells, July 1, 2006; 24(7): 1707 - 1718. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Pountos, E. Jones, C. Tzioupis, D. McGonagle, and P. V. Giannoudis Growing bone and cartilage: THE ROLE OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS J Bone Joint Surg Br, April 1, 2006; 88-B(4): 421 - 426. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Titushkin and M. Cho Distinct Membrane Mechanical Properties of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Determined Using Laser Optical Tweezers Biophys. J., April 1, 2006; 90(7): 2582 - 2591. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Lu, Z. Wang, and M. Zhu Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transfected with human insulin genes can secrete insulin stably. Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci., March 1, 2006; 36(2): 127 - 136. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Mannello, G. A.M. Tonti, G. P. Bagnara, and S. Papa Role and Function of Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Differentiation and Biological Characterization of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stem Cells, March 1, 2006; 24(3): 475 - 481. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-J. Chang, D. T.-b. Shih, C.-P. Tseng, T.-B. Hsieh, D.-C. Lee, and S.-M. Hwang Disparate Mesenchyme-Lineage Tendencies in Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Bone Marrow and Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells, March 1, 2006; 24(3): 679 - 685. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. A. Sotiropoulou, S. A. Perez, M. Salagianni, C. N. Baxevanis, and M. Papamichail Characterization of the Optimal Culture Conditions for Clinical Scale Production of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stem Cells, February 1, 2006; 24(2): 462 - 471. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. J. Minguell and A. Erices Mesenchymal Stem Cells and the Treatment of Cardiac Disease Experimental Biology and Medicine, January 1, 2006; 231(1): 39 - 49. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. A. Sotiropoulou, S. A. Perez, A. D. Gritzapis, C. N. Baxevanis, and M. Papamichail Interactions Between Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Natural Killer Cells Stem Cells, January 1, 2006; 24(1): 74 - 85. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. A. Bryan, D. C. Mitchell, L. Zhao, W. Ma, L. J. Stafford, B.-B. Teng, and M. Liu Modulation of Muscle Regeneration, Myogenesis, and Adipogenesis by the Rho Family Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor GEFT Mol. Cell. Biol., December 15, 2005; 25(24): 11089 - 11101. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Leri, J. Kajstura, and P. Anversa Cardiac Stem Cells and Mechanisms of Myocardial Regeneration Physiol Rev, October 1, 2005; 85(4): 1373 - 1416. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Shahdadfar, K. Fronsdal, T. Haug, F. P. Reinholt, and J. E. Brinchmann In Vitro Expansion of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Choice of Serum Is a Determinant of Cell Proliferation, Differentiation, Gene Expression, and Transcriptome Stability Stem Cells, September 1, 2005; 23(9): 1357 - 1366. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. K. Haider and M. Ashraf Bone marrow stem cell transplantation for cardiac repair Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2005; 288(6): H2557 - H2567. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Nakamizo, F. Marini, T. Amano, A. Khan, M. Studeny, J. Gumin, J. Chen, S. Hentschel, G. Vecil, J. Dembinski, et al. Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Gliomas Cancer Res., April 15, 2005; 65(8): 3307 - 3318. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Jeong, S. H. Hong, E. J. Gang, C. Ahn, S. H. Hwang, I. H. Yang, H. Han, and H. Kim Differential Gene Expression Profiling of Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by DNA Microarray Stem Cells, April 1, 2005; 23(4): 584 - 593. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Sohara, H. Shimada, C. Minkin, A. Erdreich-Epstein, J. A. Nolta, and Y. A. DeClerck Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Provide an Alternate Pathway of Osteoclast Activation and Bone Destruction by Cancer Cells Cancer Res., February 15, 2005; 65(4): 1129 - 1135. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Shefer, M. Wleklinski-Lee, and Z. Yablonka-Reuveni Skeletal muscle satellite cells can spontaneously enter an alternative mesenchymal pathway J. Cell Sci., October 15, 2004; 117(22): 5393 - 5404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. L. Etheridge, G. J. Spencer, D. J. Heath, and P. G. Genever Expression Profiling and Functional Analysis of Wnt Signaling Mechanisms in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stem Cells, September 1, 2004; 22(5): 849 - 860. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Xu, X. Zhang, H. Qian, W. Zhu, X. Sun, J. Hu, H. Zhou, and Y. Chen Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Adult Human Bone Marrow Differentiate into a Cardiomyocyte Phenotype In Vitro Experimental Biology and Medicine, July 1, 2004; 229(7): 623 - 631. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-S. Tsai, J.-L. Lee, Y.-J. Chang, and S.-M. Hwang Isolation of human multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from second-trimester amniotic fluid using a novel two-stage culture protocol Hum. Reprod., June 1, 2004; 19(6): 1450 - 1456. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. del Carmen Rodriguez, A. Bernad, and M. Aracil Interleukin-6 deficiency affects bone marrow stromal precursors, resulting in defective hematopoietic support Blood, May 1, 2004; 103(9): 3349 - 3354. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X.-Y. Zhang, V. F. La Russa, and J. Reiser Transduction of Bone-Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Using Lentivirus Vectors Pseudotyped with Modified RD114 Envelope Glycoproteins J. Virol., February 1, 2004; 78(3): 1219 - 1229. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. F. Heubach, E. M. Graf, J. Leutheuser, M. Bock, B. Balana, I. Zahanich, T. Christ, S. Boxberger, E. Wettwer, and U. Ravens Electrophysiological properties of human mesenchymal stem cells J. Physiol., February 1, 2004; 554(3): 659 - 672. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Potian, H. Aviv, N. M. Ponzio, J. S. Harrison, and P. Rameshwar Veto-Like Activity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Functional Discrimination Between Cellular Responses to Alloantigens and Recall Antigens J. Immunol., October 1, 2003; 171(7): 3426 - 3434. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E. Dennis and P. Charbord Origin and Differentiation of Human and Murine Stroma Stem Cells, May 1, 2002; 20(3): 205 - 214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
