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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Different Pathways of Cell Killing by Gossypol Enantiomers

Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York 10021

Gossypol, a polyphenolic, aldehyde-containing constituent of cottonseed, produced partial responses (>50% reduction in tumor size) in some patients with advanced cancer and suppressed sperm as an antifertility agent for men. This action in vivo and its novel side effect profile suggest a specific mechanism of the action of gossypol. Using the random homozygous knockout approach of Li and Cohen (1), we developed a cell line resistant to killing by gossypol, but sensitive to methotrexate and doxorubicin. It showed stereospecific resistance to killing by (-) gossypol (ED₅₀ 4.9 µM) compared with wild type (ED₅₀ 2.0 µM). The resistant and wild-type cells were equally sensitive to (+) gossypol (ED₅₀ 8.8 and 8.4 µM, respectively), methotrexate, and doxyrubicin. We conclude that gossypol affects cells by a stereospecific pathway for (-) gossypol, possibly related to its selective effects, and a nonstereospecific pathway for (+) gossypol and higher concentrations of (-) gossypol. Further knowledge about the stereospecific pathway may lead to new therapeutic drugs.

Key Words: gossypol • cancer • stereoselectivity

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