| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
To whom requests for reprints should be addressed at 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences, 126 S. Henderson Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802. E-mail: mxc69{at}psu.edu
Low vitamin D status has been implicated in the etiology of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and inflammatory bowel disease. The optimal level of vitamin D intake required to support optimal immune function is not known but is likely to be at least that required for healthy bones. Experimentally, vitamin D deficiency results in the increased incidence of autoimmune disease. Mechanistically, the data point to a role for vitamin D in the development of self-tolerance. The vitamin D hormone (1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3) regulates T helper cell (Th1) and dendritic cell function while inducing regulatory T-cell function. The net result is a decrease in the Th1-driven autoimmune response and decreased severity of symptoms. This review discusses the accumulating evidence pointing to a link between vitamin D and autoimmunity. Increased vitamin D intakes might decrease the incidence and severity of autoimmune diseases and the rate of bone fracture.
Key Words: vitamin D • autoimmunity • multiple sclerosis • arthritis • inflammatory bowel disease • insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  S. Yu, D. Bruce, M. Froicu, V. Weaver, and M. T. Cantorna Failure of T cell homing, reduced CD4/CD8{alpha}{alpha} intraepithelial lymphocytes, and inflammation in the gut of vitamin D receptor KO mice PNAS, December 30, 2008; 105(52): 20834 - 20839. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Bouillon, G. Carmeliet, L. Verlinden, E. van Etten, A. Verstuyf, H. F. Luderer, L. Lieben, C. Mathieu, and M. Demay Vitamin D and Human Health: Lessons from Vitamin D Receptor Null Mice Endocr. Rev., October 1, 2008; 29(6): 726 - 776. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Liu, L. Nguyen, R. F. Chun, V. Lagishetty, S. Ren, S. Wu, B. Hollis, H. F. DeLuca, J. S. Adams, and M. Hewison Altered Endocrine and Autocrine Metabolism of Vitamin D in a Mouse Model of Gastrointestinal Inflammation Endocrinology, October 1, 2008; 149(10): 4799 - 4808. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. N Bernstein and F. Shanahan Disorders of a modern lifestyle: reconciling the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases Gut, September 1, 2008; 57(9): 1185 - 1191. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. P. Heaney Nutrients, Endpoints, and the Problem of Proof J. Nutr., September 1, 2008; 138(9): 1591 - 1595. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. P. Heaney Vitamin D in Health and Disease Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., September 1, 2008; 3(5): 1535 - 1541. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S.-M. Orton, A. P Morris, B. M Herrera, S. V Ramagopalan, M. R Lincoln, M. J Chao, R. Vieth, A D. Sadovnick, and G. C Ebers Evidence for genetic regulation of vitamin D status in twins with multiple sclerosis Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2008; 88(2): 441 - 447. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Yu and M. T. Cantorna The vitamin D receptor is required for iNKT cell development PNAS, April 1, 2008; 105(13): 5207 - 5212. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M Soilu-Hanninen, M Laaksonen, I Laitinen, J-P Eralinna, E-M Lilius, and I Mononen A longitudinal study of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and intact parathyroid hormone levels indicate the importance of vitamin D and calcium homeostasis regulation in multiple sclerosis J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, February 1, 2008; 79(2): 152 - 157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Cutolo and K. Otsa Review: Vitamin D, immunity and lupus Lupus, January 1, 2008; 17(1): 6 - 10. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M Kimball, M. R Ursell, P. O'Connor, and R. Vieth Safety of vitamin D3 in adults with multiple sclerosis Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2007; 86(3): 645 - 651. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Arnson, H. Amital, and Y. Shoenfeld Vitamin D and autoimmunity: new aetiological and therapeutic considerations Ann Rheum Dis, September 1, 2007; 66(9): 1137 - 1142. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. E. Mullin and A. Dobs Vitamin D and Its Role in Cancer and Immunity: A Prescription for Sunlight Nutr Clin Pract, June 1, 2007; 22(3): 305 - 322. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. B. Ogunkolade, B. J. Boucher, S. A. Bustin, J. M. Burrin, K. Noonan, N. Mannan, and G. A. Hitman Vitamin D Metabolism in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Is Influenced by Chewing "Betel Nut" (Areca catechu) and Vitamin D Status J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2006; 91(7): 2612 - 2617. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. F. McCarty and K. I. Block Toward a Core Nutraceutical Program for Cancer Management Integr Cancer Ther, June 1, 2006; 5(2): 150 - 171. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D Shepshelovich and Y Shoenfeld Prediction and prevention of autoimmune diseases: additional aspects of the mosaic of autoimmunity Lupus, March 1, 2006; 15(3): 183 - 190. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Chen, M. T. Cencioni, D. F. Angelini, G. Borsellino, L. Battistini, and C. F. Brosnan Transcriptional Profiling of {gamma}{delta} T Cells Identifies a Role for Vitamin D in the Immunoregulation of the V{gamma}9V{delta}2 Response to Phosphate-Containing Ligands J. Immunol., May 15, 2005; 174(10): 6144 - 6152. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
