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Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Hasama, Oita 879-5593, Japan
To whom requests for reprints should be addressed at 1 Department of Internal Medicine I, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Oita 879-5593, Japan. E-mail: hiroy{at}oita-med.ac.jp
To clarify the neuronal mechanism of the hypothalamic melanocortin system in regulating energy metabolism, we investigated the effects of centrally administered 
-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (-MSH) and agouti-related protein (AGRP), an agonist and an antagonist for the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4-R), respectively, on the activity of sympathetic nerves innervating brown adipose tissue (BAT) and on BAT temperature. A bolus infusion of -MSH (1 nmol) into the third cerebral ventricle (i3vt) significantly increased sympathetic nerve activity and elevated BAT temperature (P < 0.05). The i3vt infusion of AGRP (1 nmol) gradually suppressed BAT sympathetic nerve activity and was accompanied by a significant reduction in BAT temperature (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the hypothalamic melanocortin system may regulate peripheral energy expenditure, as well as thermogenesis, through its influence on BAT sympathetic nerve activity.
Key Words: melanocortin 4 receptor • agouti-related protein • -melanocyte-stimulating hormone • brown adipose tissue • sympathetic nerve activity
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