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Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260
To whom requests for reprints should be addressed at 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 517 Hochstetter Hall, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260. E-mail: memorris{at}buffalo.edu
Organic isothiocyanates (ITCs) are dietary components present in cruciferous vegetables. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the cytotoxicity of 1-naphthyl isothiocyanate (NITC), benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), ß-phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), and sulforaphane in human breast cancer MCF-7 and human mammary epithelium MCF-12A cell lines, as well as in a second human epithelial cell line, human kidney HK-2 cells. The cytotoxicity of NITC, BITC, PEITC, and sulforaphane, as well as the cytotoxicity of the chemotherapeutic agents daunomycin (DNM) and vinblastine (VBL), were examined in MCF-7/sensitive (wt), MCF-7/Adr (which overexpresses P-glycoprotein), MCF-12A, and HK-2 cells. Cell growth was determined by a sulforhodamine B assay. The IC50 values for DNM and VBL in MCF-7/Adr cells were 7.12 ± 0.42 µM and 0.106 ± 0.004 µM (mean ± SE) following a 48-hr exposure; IC50 values for BITC, PEITC, NITC, and sulforaphane were 5.95 ± 0.10, 7.32 ± 0.25, 77.9 ± 8.03, and 13.7 ± 0.82 µM, respectively, with similar values obtained in MCF-7/wt cells. Corresponding values for BITC, PEITC, NITC, and sulforaphane in MCF-12A cells were 8.07 ± 0.29, 7.71 ± 0.07, 33.6 ± 1.69, and 40.5 ± 1.25 µM, respectively. BITC and PEITC can inhibit the growth of human breast cancer cells as well as human mammary epithelium cells at concentrations similar to those of the chemotherapeutic drug DNM. Sulforaphane and NITC exhibited higher IC50 values. The effect of these ITCs on cell growth may contribute to the cancer chemopreventive properties of ITCs by suppressing the growth of preclinical tumors, and may indicate a potential use of these compounds as chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment.
Key Words: phenethyl isothiocyanate • benzyl isothiocyanate • naphthyl isothiocyanate • sulforaphane • cytotoxicity
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