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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Anticancer Effects of a Plant Lignan 7-Hydroxymatairesinol on a Prostate Cancer Model In Vivo

Annika Bylund^*,2, Niina Saarinen^,2, Jie-Xian Zhang, Anders Bergh, Anders Widmark^||, Anders Johansson, Eva Lundin, Herman Adlercreutz^¶, Göran Hallmans, Pär Stattin and Sari Mäkela^,1

^* Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University Hospital, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; University of Turku, Functional Foods Forum and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University Hospital, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; ^|| Department of Oncology, Umeå University Hospital, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; ^¶ Department of Clinical Chemistry, Institute for Preventive Medicine, Nutrition and Cancer, Folkhälsan Research Center, and University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland

To whom requests for reprints should be addressed at ¹ University of Turku, Functional Foods Forum, FI-20014 Turku, Finland. E-mail: sarmak{at}utu.fi

Clinical intervention studies and experimental studies with lignan-rich diets suggest that lignans may have inhibitory effects on prostate cancer, but no clinical or experimental studies with purified lignans have been published. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a plant lignan 7-hydroxymatairesinol (HMR) on LNCaP human prostate cancer xenografts in athymic mice. Athymic nude male mice were injected subcutaneously with LNCaP cells. Starting 3 days after tumor cell injections, a control diet or a control diet supplemented with 0.15% or 0.30% of HMR was administered to mice and the tumor take rate and growth was observed for 9 weeks. HMR diet inhibited the growth of LNCaP tumors. Mice treated with HMR had smaller tumor volume, lower tumor take rate, increased proportion of nongrowing tumors, and higher tumor cell apoptotic index compared with controls. Furthermore, the cell proliferation index was reduced in mice receiving the 0.30% HMR diet compared with mice receiving the control diet. Our results suggest that dietary HMR started at the early phase of the tumor development inhibits the growth of the LNCaP human prostate cancer xenografts in athymic male mice.

Key Words: phytoestrogens • 7-hydroxymatairesinol • diet • LNCaP human prostate adenocarcinoma • athymic nude mice

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