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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Effects of Chondroitin and Glucosamine Sulfate in a Dietary Bar Formulation on Inflammation, Interleukin-1ß, Matrix Metalloprotease-9, and Cartilage Damage in Arthritis

May M. Chou^*, Nathalie Vergnolle, Jason J. McDougall, John L. Wallace, Stephanie Marty, Val Teskey and Andre G. Buret^*,1

^* Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mucosal Inflammation Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Mucosal Inflammation Research Group, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, McCaig Centre for Joint Injury and Arthritis Research, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 1N4; and New Era Nutrition Inc., 10250-176 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T5S 1L2

To whom requests for reprints should be addressed at ¹ Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 1N4. E-mail: aburet{at}ucalgary.ca

This study examined the effects of chondroitin sulfate (CS) alone and CS plus glucosamine sulfate (GS) in a dietary bar formulation on inflammatory parameters of adjuvant-induced arthritis and on the synthesis of interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9). Following 25 days pretreatment with dietary bars containing either CS alone, CS plus GS, or neither CS nor GS, rats were either sham injected or injected with Freund’s complete adjuvant into the tail vein. Rats were fed their respective bars for another 17 days after inoculation. Parameters of disease examined included clinical score (combination of joint temperature, edema, hyperalgesia, and standing and walking limb function), incidence of disease, levels of IL-1ß in the serum and paw joints, levels of MMP-9 in the paw joints, paw joint histology, and joint cartilage thickness. Treatment with CS plus GS, but not CS alone, significantly reduced clinical scores, incidences of disease, joint temperatures, and joint and serum IL-1ß levels. Treatment with CS alone and CS plus GS inhibited the production of edema and prevented raised levels of joint MMP-9 associated with arthritis. Similarly, CS alone and CS plus GS treatment also prevented the development of cartilage damage associated with arthritis. Combination CS plus GS treatment in a dietary bar formulation ameliorates clinical, inflammatory, and histologic parameters of adjuvant-induced arthritis. The benefits of CS and GS in combination are more pronounced than those of CS alone. The reduction of arthritic disease by CS plus GS is associated with a reduction of IL-1ß and MMP-9 synthesis.

Key Words: chondroitin • glucosamine • MMP-9 • IL-1ß • cartilage

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