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Experimental Biology and Medicine 231:130-137 (2006)
© 2006 Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine

MINIREVIEW

Gastrointestinal Inflammation: A Central Component of Mucosal Defense and Repair

Gary R. Martin and John L. Wallace1

Mucosal Inflammation Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada

To whom requests for reprints should be addressed at 1 Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada. E-mail: wallacej{at}ucalgary.ca

The mucosal layer of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is able to resist digestion by the endogenous substances that we secrete to digest foodstuffs. So-called "mucosal defense" is multi-factorial and can be modulated by a wide range of substances, many of which are classically regarded as inflammatory mediators. Damage to the GI mucosa, and its subsequent repair, are also modulated by various inflammatory mediators. In this article, we provide a review of some of the key inflammatory mediators that modulate GI mucosal defense, injury, and repair. Among the mediators discussed are nitric oxide, polyamines, the eicosanoids (prostaglandins and lipoxins), protease-activated receptors, and cytokines. Many of these endogenous factors, or the enzymes involved in their synthesis, are considered potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of diseases of the digestive tract that are characterized by inflammation and ulceration.

Key Words: cyclooxygenase • lipoxins • prostaglandins • nitric oxide • ulcer disease • inflammation • hydrogen sulfide • annexin




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