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ENDOCRINE AND DIABETES MELLITUS

Weight Loss Reduces Plasma Endothelin-1 Concentration in Obese Men

Seiji Maeda^*,,1, Subrina Jesmin^*,, Motoyuki Iemitsu^*,, Takeshi Otsuki^*, Tomoaki Matsuo, Kazunori Ohkawara, Yoshio Nakata^*,, Kiyoji Tanaka^*,, Katsutoshi Goto and Takashi Miyauchi^*,

^* Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan

To whom requests for reprints should be addressed at ¹ Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan. E-mail: smaeda{at}tara.tsukuba.ac.jp

Abstract

Obesity is associated with endothelial dysfunction that may contribute to the development of diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), which is produced mostly by vascular endothelial cells, has potent vasoconstrictor and proliferative activity in vascular smooth muscle cells and, therefore, has been implicated in regulation of vascular tonus and the progression of atherosclerosis, suggesting that ET-1 may be important in endothelial dysfunction. We studied whether diet-induced weight loss (i.e., lifestyle modification) affects plasma ET-1 concentration in obese individuals. We measured plasma ET-1 concentration in seven obese men (age: 48 ± 4 years old, body mass index: 27.7 ± 0.5 kg/m²) before and after a 3-month, diet-induced weight reduction program (i.e., lifestyle modification program). Caloric restriction reduced body weight from 78 ± 3 to 68 ± 2 kg (P < 0.001) and resulted in 12.1 ± 1.2% reduction in body mass index (24.3 ± 0.3 kg/m², P < 0.0001). After the weight reduction program, systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased (128 ± 7 vs. 115 ± 4 mm Hg, P < 0.05 and 88 ± 4 vs. 77 ± 2 mm Hg, P < 0.01, respectively). The plasma level of ET-1 significantly decreased after the program (5.1 ± 0.4 vs. 4.0 ± 0.3 pg/ml, P < 0.05). The percentage systolic blood pressure reduction and percentage plasma ET-1 concentration reduction was in a linear relationship (r = 0.86, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the relationship between percentage weight reduction and percentage plasma ET-1 concentration reduction was linear (r = 0.87, P < 0.05). We conclude that weight loss by low-calorie diet (i.e., lifestyle modification) reduces plasma ET-1 concentration in obese individuals. This reduction may contribute to the improvement of obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction.

Key Words: endothelin-1 • obesity • endothelial dysfunction • diet

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