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Experimental Biology and Medicine 231:789-793 (2006)
© 2006 Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine

VASCULAR AND HYPERTENSION

Effects of Athletic Strength and Endurance Exercise Training in Young Humans on Plasma Endothelin-1 Concentration and Arterial Distensibility

Takeshi Otsuki*, Seiji Maeda*,{dagger},1, Motoyuki Iemitsu*,{dagger}, Yoko Saito{dagger}, Yuko Tanimura{dagger}, Ryuichi Ajisaka{dagger}, Katsutoshi Goto{ddagger} and Takashi Miyauchi*,§

* Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance; {dagger} Institute of Health and Sport Sciences; {ddagger} Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; and § Cardiovascular Division, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan

To whom requests for reprints should be addressed at 1 Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan. E-mail: smaeda{at}tara.tsukuba.ac.jp

Abstract

Strength exercise training induces a decrease in arterial distensibility, whereas endurance exercise training causes an increase in arterial distensibility. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), which is produced by vascular endothelial cells, has potent vasoconstrictor and proliferative activity on vascular smooth muscle cells. We hypothesized that endogenous ET-1 participates in alteration of arterial distensibility by different exercise training types (i.e., strength and endurance exercise training). The purpose of the present study was to investigate plasma ET-1 concentration and arterial distensibility in strength- and endurance-trained athletes. Subjects were male strength-trained athletes (discus, hammer, or javelin throwers; 22.2 years; SA), male endurance-trained athletes (long- or middle-distance runners; 20.7 years; EA), and sedentary healthy men (20.6 years; sedentary control, SC). Maximum hand-grip strength was markedly greater in SA compared with EA and SC (55.3 vs. 41.1 vs. 40.5 kg, P < 0.05). Maximum oxygen uptake was markedly greater in EA than in SA and SC (60.9 vs. 43.1 vs. 43.6 ml/kg/min, P < 0.05). Arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV), which is an index of arterial distensibility, was significantly higher in SA than in EA and SC (688 vs. 529 vs. 601 cm/sec, P < 0.05). In EA, PWV was significantly lower in comparison to that in SC (P < 0.05). Thus arterial distensibility was lower in SA than in EA and SC and higher in EA than in SC. Plasma ET-1 concentration was significantly higher in SA compared with EA and SC (1.64 vs. 1.12 vs. 1.24 pg/ml, P < 0.05). Plasma ET-1 concentration tended to be lower in EA than in SC. These results suggest that the difference in plasma ET-1 level may participate in the mechanism underlying different adaptation of arterial distensibility between strength- and endurance-trained athletes.

Key Words: pulse wave velocity • endothelial cell • thrower • runner






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