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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Sodium Pump Reduction Correlates with Aortic Clamp Time in Pediatric Heart Surgery

Mladen Pavlovic^*,1, André Schaller, Roland A. Ammann^*, Jean-Pierre Pfammatter^*, Pascal Berdat, Thierry Carrel and Sabina Gallati

^* Division of Pediatric Cardiology, and Division of Human Genetics, University Children’s Hospital, Berne, Switzerland 3010; and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Berne, Switzerland 3012

To whom requests for reprints should be addressed at ¹ Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University Children’s Hospital, Freiburgstrasse 23, 3010 Berne, Switzerland. E-mail: mladen.pavlovic{at}insel.ch

Myocardial depression after cardiac surgery is modulated by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and the underlying heart disease. The sodium pump is a key component for myocardial function. We hypothesized that the change in sodium pump expression during CPB correlates with intraoperative and postoperative laboratory and clinical parameters in neonates and children with various congenital heart defects. Sodium pump isoforms alpha1 (ATP1A1) and alpha3 (ATP1A3) mRNA expression in right atrial myocardium, excised before and after CPB, was quantified. Groups were assigned according to presence (VO group, n = 8) or absence (NO group, n = 8) of right atrial volume overload. CPB and aortic clamp time correlated with postoperative troponin-I values and ICU stay. ATP1A1 (P = 0.008) and ATP1A3 (P = 0.038) mRNA expression were significantly reduced during CPB. Longer aortic clamp times were associated with lower postoperative ATP1A1 (P = 0.045) and ATP1A3 (P = 0.002) mRNA expression. Low postoperative ATP1A1 (P = 0.043) and ATP1A3 (P = 0.002) expressions were associated with high troponin-I values. These results were restricted to the VO group. No correlation of sodium pump mRNA expression was found with the duration of ICU stay or ventilation. The postoperative troponin-I and clinical parameters correlated with the length of CPB, regardless of volume overload. In contrast, only dilated right atrium seemed to be susceptible to CPB in terms of sodium pump expression, showing a reduction during the operation and a correlation of sodium pump with postoperative troponin-I values.

Key Words: sodium pump • cardiopulmonary bypass • pediatric • heart surgery