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MINIREVIEW

Signal Transduction in Early Heart Development (I): Cardiogenic Induction and Heart Tube Formation

The Center for Cardiovascular and Muscle Research and the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203

To whom requests for reprints should be addressed at ¹ Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203. E-mail: michael.wagner{at}downstate.edu or maq.siddiqui{at}downstate.edu

Heart development begins with the induction of cardiogenic cells from the embryonic mesoderm, followed by the coalescing of these cells into a linear heart tube. Subsequent looping of the heart tube brings the rudimentary atria and ventricles into alignment for further development into the four-chambered heart. Underlying these morphologic events is a complex program of signaling between cells and tissues that orchestrates their participation in heart development. Among these signals are bone morphogenetic proteins, fibroblast growth factors, Wnts, Hedgehog, and members of the transforming growth factor-ß family of signaling molecules. We review here the various properties of these signaling molecules and their signal transduction pathways in hopes of providing a greater appreciation of the molecular events driving heart development.

Key Words: cardiogenic induction • heart tube looping • left-right embryonic axis • fibroblast growth factor • Wnt • Hedgehog • Nodal

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				J. Synnergren, K. Akesson, K. Dahlenborg, H. Vidarsson, C. Ameen, D. Steel, A. Lindahl, B. Olsson, and P. Sartipy Molecular Signature of Cardiomyocyte Clusters Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells Stem Cells, July 1, 2008; 26(7): 1831 - 1840. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Wagner and M. A. Q. Siddiqui Signal Transduction in Early Heart Development (II): Ventricular Chamber Specification, Trabeculation, and Heart Valve Formation Experimental Biology and Medicine, July 1, 2007; 232(7): 866 - 880. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]