HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Yanagisawa, R. Articles by Yoshikawa, T. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Yanagisawa, R. Articles by Yoshikawa, T.

---

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Gene Expression Analysis of Murine Lungs Following Pulmonary Exposure to Asian Sand Dust Particles

Rie Yanagisawa^*, Hirohisa Takano^*,,1, Takamichi Ichinose, Katsura Mizushima, Masataka Nishikawa, Ikuko Mori, Ken-ichiro Inoue^*, Kaori Sadakane and Toshikazu Yoshikawa

^* Environmental Health Sciences Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506 Japan; Inflammation and Immunology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566 Japan; Department of Health Sciences, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Oita, 870-1201 Japan; and Laboratory for Intellectual Fundamentals for Environmental Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506 Japan

To whom requests for reprints should be addressed at ¹ Environmental Health Sciences Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16–2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan. E-mail: htakano{at}nies.go.jp, yanagi{at}nies.go.jp

The respiratory health impact of Asian sand dust events originating in the deserts of China has become a concern within China and in its neighboring countries. We examined the effects of Asian sand dust particles (ASDPs) on gene expression in the murine lung using microarray analysis and elucidated the components responsible for lung inflammation. Male ICR mice were intratracheally administrated ASDPs, heat-treated ASDPs (ASDP-F, lipopolysaccaride [LPS], or ß-glucan free), or kaolin particles. We performed microarray analysis for murine lungs, the results of which were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We also assessed the protein expression and histologic changes. Exposure to ASDP, ASDP-F, or kaolin upregulated (>2-fold) 112, 36, or 9 genes, respectively, compared with vehicle exposure. In particular, ASDP exposure markedly enhanced inflammatory response–related genes, including chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1/keratinocyte-derived chemokine, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2/macrophage inflammatory protein-2, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3/macrophage inflammatory protein-1, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10/interferon-gamma–inducible protein-10 (>6-fold). The results were correlated with those of the quantitative RT-PCR and the protein expression analyses in overall trend. In contrast, exposure to ASDP-F attenuated the enhanced expression of these proinflammatory molecules. Kaolin exposure increased the expression of genes and proteins for the chemokines. In histopathologic changes, exposure to ASDP prominently enhanced pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation, followed by kaolin and ASDP-F exposure in the order. Taken together, exposure to ASDP causes pulmonary inflammation via the expression of proinflammatory molecules, which can be attributed to LPS and ß-glucan absorbed in ASDPs. Furthermore, microarray analysis should be effective for identifying potentially novel genes, sensitive biomarkers, and pathways involved in the health effects of the exposure to environmental particles (e.g., ASDPs).

Key Words: Asian sand dust particles • microarray analysis • chemokines • neutrophilic inflammation