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Experimental Biology and Medicine 232:1160-1169 (2007)
doi: 10.3181/0701-RM-13
© 2007 Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Plasma Levels of Cell-Free Apoptotic DNA Ladders and Gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in Diabetic Children

Marlyn P. Langford*,1, Thomas B. Redens*, Norman R. Harris{dagger}, Seungjun Lee{dagger}, Sushil K. Jain{ddagger}, Sudha Reddy{ddagger} and Robert McVie{ddagger},1

* Department of Ophthalmology, {dagger} Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and {ddagger} Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130

To whom requests for reprints should be addressed at 1 Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, P.O. Box 33932, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932. E-mail: mlangf{at}lsuhsc.edu or rmcvie{at}lsuhsc.edu

The plasma levels of apoptotic DNA ladders (i.e., apoptosemia) and {gamma}-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in diabetic outpatients and rats were investigated. Apoptotic DNA ladders were detected in plasma from 26.8% of type 1 (T1) and 18.5% of type 2 (T2) diabetic children 1–20 years of age, 25.7% of hospitalized children and 35.7% of adult RA outpatients, but in only 3.5% of adult pre-op patients. Plasma from 7.7% of young streptozotocin-induced diabetic but not control rats contained apoptotic DNA ladders. Apoptosemia was detected more often in male T1 (31%) and T2 (30.8%) diabetic outpatients than in female T1 (20.8%) and T2 (15.4%) diabetic outpatients. GGT in apoptosemic plasma was significantly higher than in nonapoptosemic plasma from T1 (P = 0.001) but not T2 diabetic children. The highest amounts of apoptotic DNA were detected most often in diabetic children ≥14 years of age. In vitro study results suggest that cell-free apoptotic DNA ladders appear prior to an increase in GGT activity in serum from human blood incubated at 37°C. The results suggest that 24.7% of plasma samples from diabetic children contained apoptotic DNA ladders, the incidence and amounts of apoptotic DNA ladders were higher in the older diabetic children, and GGT was elevated in apoptosemic T1 diabetic children (P = 0.01). The results indicate that "silent" apoptosemia occurs in T1 and T2 diabetic children and suggest elevated GGT in diabetic children could be due to release from apoptotic cells.

Key Words: apoptosis • autoimmune • children • diabetes • {gamma}-glutamyltranspeptidase • DNA • pediatric • plasma • rheumatoid arthritis






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Copyright © 2007 by the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.