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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Short Term Effects on Bone Quality Associated with Consumption of Soy Protein Isolate and Other Dietary Protein Sources in Rapidly Growing Female Rats

Jin-Ran Chen^*,,1, Rohit Singhal^*,, Oxana P. Lazarenko^*,, Xiaoli Liu^*,, William R. Hogue, Thomas M. Badger^, and Martin J. J. Ronis^*,,1

^* Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Department of Orthopedics, and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202

To whom requests for reprints should be addressed at ¹ Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Slot 512–20B, 1120 Marshall Street, Little Rock, AR 72202. E-mail: RonisMartinJ{at}uams.edu and chenjinran{at}uams.edu

Beneficial effects of soy protein consumption on bone quality have been reported. The effects of other dietary protein sources such as whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) and rice protein isolate (RPI) on bone growth have been less well examined. The current study compared effects of feeding soy protein isolate (SPI), WPH and RPI for 14 d on tibial bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in intact and ovariectomized (OVX) rapidly growing female rats relative to animals fed casein (CAS). The effects of estrogenic status on responses to SPI were also explored. Tibial peripheral quantitative computerized tomography (pQCT) showed all three protein sources had positive effects on either BMD or BMC relative to CAS (P < 0.05), but SPI had greater effects in both intact and OVX female rats. SPI and E2 had positive effects on BMD and BMC in OVX rats (P < 0.05). However, trabecular BMD was lower in a SPI + E2 group compared to a CAS + E2 group. In OVX rats, SPI increased serum bone formation markers, and serum from SPI-fed rats stimulated osteoblastogenesis in ex vivo. SPI also suppressed the bone resorption marker RatLaps (P < 0.05). Both SPI and E2 increased alkaline phosphatase gene expression in bone, but only SPI decreased receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand (RANKL) and estrogen receptor gene expression (P < 0.05). These data suggest beneficial bone effects of a soy diet in rapidly growing animals and the potential for early soy consumption to increase peak bone mass.

Key Words: soy • estradiol • bone mineral density • dietary protein