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First published online October 10, 2008
Experimental Biology and Medicine 233:1504-1509 (2008)
doi: 10.3181/0806-S-195
© 2008 by the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
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SYMPOSIUM: PROGRESS IN PHARMACOGENETICS AND ITS PROMISE FOR MEDICINE

The Role of Pharmacogenetics in Treating Central Nervous System Disorders

Meeta Patnaik1, Matthew J. Renda, Maria C. Athanasiou and Carol R. Reed

PGxHealth, New Haven, Connecticut 06511

To whom requests for reprints should be addressed at 1 PGxHealth, LLC, A Division of Clinical Data, Inc. (NASDAQ: CLDA), 5 Science Park, New Haven, CT 06511. E-mail: mpatnaik{at}pgxhealth.com

Abstract

Symptoms of central nervous system (CNS) disorders include abnormalities in both physical and psychological domains. Many drugs indicated for the treatment of CNS disorders are fraught with side effects and/or poor efficacy which impact patients’ quality of life and drives non-compliance. Moreover, for many CNS drugs such as antidepressants and antipsychotics, it takes time to determine whether a particular drug is efficacious in an individual patient. To optimize drug treatment for each patient, prescribing physicians often need to raise or lower doses, switch drug classes, or prescribe additional drugs to mitigate side effects, often in a "trial and error" fashion. Pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing, particularly in the realm of CNS therapy, can reduce the unpredictability of this process. By determining a patient’s genetic profile, individual therapy parameters may be predicted pre-treatment for drug efficacy, optimal drug dose, and the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The intent of this review is to highlight the power of PGx testing to predict the likelihood of ADRs and efficacy during the treatment of the following CNS disorders: epilepsy, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and depression.

Key Words: pharmacogenetic testing • CNS disorders • predict response • personalized medicine






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