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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Efflux of Iron from the Cerebrospinal Fluid to the Blood at the Blood-CSF Barrier: Effect of Manganese Exposure

Xueqian Wang^*,1, G. Jane Li and Wei Zheng^*,2

^* School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; and Beijing Municipal Health Bureau, Beijing Municipal Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China 100080

To whom requests for reprints should be addressed at ² School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, Room 1163D, West Lafayette, IN 47907. E-mail: wzheng{at}purdue.edu

The blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier (BCB) resides within the choroid plexus, with the apical side facing the CSF and the basolateral side towards the blood. Previous studies demonstrate that manganese (Mn) exposure in rats disrupts iron (Fe) homeostasis in the blood and CSF. The present study used a primary culture of rat choroidal epithelial cells grown in the two-chamber Transwell system to investigate the transepithelial transport of Fe across the BCB. Free, unbound Fe as [⁵⁹Fe] was added to the donor chamber and the radioactivity in the acceptor chamber was quantified to determine the direction of Fe fluxes. Under the normal condition, the [⁵⁹Fe] efflux (from the CSF to the blood) was 128% higher than that of the influx (P < 0.01). Mn exposure significantly increased the efflux rate of [⁵⁹Fe] (P < 0.01) and the effect was inhibited when the cells were pre-incubated with the antibody against divalent metal transport 1 (DMT1). Moreover, when the siRNA knocked down the cellular DMT1 expression, the elevated Fe uptake caused by Mn exposure in the choroidal epithelial Z310 cells was completely abolished, indicating that Mn may facilitate Fe efflux via a DMT1-mediated transport mechanism. In vivo subchronic exposure to Mn in rats reduced Fe clearance from the CSF, as demonstrated by the ventriculo-cisternal brain perfusion, along with up-regulated mRNAs encoding DMT1 and transferrin receptor (TfR) in the same animals. Taken together, these data suggest that free Fe appears to be favorably transported from the CSF toward the blood by DMT1 and this process can be facilitated by Mn exposure. Enhanced TfR-mediated influx of Fe from the blood and ferroportin-mediated expelling Fe toward the CSF may compromise DMT1-mediated efflux, leading to an increased Fe concentration in the CSF as seen in Mn-exposed animals.

Key Words: iron • manganese • choroid plexus • blood-CSF barrier • in vitro Transwell model • ventriculo-cisternal perfusion