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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Daily Supplementation with Iron Increases Lipid Peroxidation in Young Women with Low Iron Stores

Sarah M. King^*,1, Carmen M. Donangelo, Mitchell D. Knutson^*,2, Patrick B. Walter^,3, Bruce N. Ames^,3, Fernando E. Viteri^*,4,3 and Janet C. King^,3

^* Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21949–900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; and USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California 95616

To whom requests for reprints should be addressed at ⁴ Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609. E-mail fviteri{at}chori.org

The aim of this study was to determine whether women with low iron stores (plasma ferritin 20 µg/L) receiving a daily iron supplement for 8 wks at a level commonly used to treat poor iron status develop increased lipid peroxidation as measured by ethane exhalation rates and plasma malondialdehyde. The women served as their own control as pre- and post-supplementation periods were compared. Twelve women participated in the study for a 70-day period and consumed daily iron supplements (98 mg of iron as ferrous sulfate) from day 14 to day 70. Baseline blood and expired air samples were obtained on days 1 and 14; measurements during supplementation were performed on days 56 and 70, that is at 6 and 8 weeks of supplementation. Iron status improved during the iron supplementation period; biochemical indicators of lipid peroxidation also increased. After 6 wks of iron supplementation, serum ferritin almost doubled and body iron more than doubled. Hemoglobin levels increased slightly and other indicators of iron status became normal. However, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and breath ethane exhalation rates (BEER) increased by more than 40% between baseline and 6 wks of supplementation; these increases correlated significantly with plasma iron and ferritin levels. MDA was positively correlated with BEER. BEER increased further after 8 wks of iron supplementation. The increased indicators of lipid peroxidation with duration of supplementation and as iron status improved suggest that providing daily nearly 100 mg iron may not be a totally innocuous regimen for correcting iron depletion in women.

Key Words: iron • supplements • malondialdehyde • breath ethane • lipid peroxidation • oxidative stress • iron status • women

This article has been cited by other articles:

				F. Kamp and C. M. Donangelo Supplementing Young Women with Both Zinc and Iron Protects Zinc-Related Antioxidant Indicators Previously Impaired by Iron Supplementation J. Nutr., November 1, 2008; 138(11): 2186 - 2189. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]