| PDE family |
Gene products |
Substrates |
Selective inhibitors |
Regulations |
Experimental and clinical applications |
|
| PDE1 |
1A, 1B, 1C |
cAMP/cGMP |
Vinpocetine
Nicardipine
8-MeOM-IBMX |
Ca2+/calmodulin
PKA/PKG |
Dementia, memory loss (90, 139) |
| PDE2 |
2A |
cAMP/cGMP |
EHNA
IC933
Bay 60–7550 |
Stimulated by cGMP |
Sepsis
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (140)
Memory loss (141) |
| PDE3 |
3A, 3B |
cAMP |
Lixazinone
Cilostamide
Milrinone
Cilostazol
OPC-33540
Dihydropyridazinone |
Inhibited by cGMP
Phosphorylated by PKB |
Glomerulonephritis (102)
Congestive heart failure (142–144)
Intermittent claudication (145)
Thrombosis (146)
Pulmonary hypertension (147) |
| PDE4 |
4A, 4B, 4C, 4D |
cAMP |
Rolipram
Ro 20–1724
Denbufylline
Cilomilast
Roflumilast
SCH 351591
V11294A
AWD 12–281
L-826,141 |
Phosphorylated by PKA
Phosphorylated by ERK |
Glomerulonephritis (102, 129)
Asthma, COPDa (148–151)
Bipolar depression (152, 153)
Autoimmune encephalomyelitis (154)
Organ transplantation (155–157) |
| PDE5 |
5A |
cGMP |
Sildenafil (Viagra)
Zaprinast
Dipyridamole
Ariflo
Vardenafil
Tadalafil
E4021
DMPPO |
Binds cGMP
Phosphorylated by PKA
Phosphorylated by PKG |
Chronic renal failure (138)
Salt retention in nephritic syndrome (99, 130)
Pulmonary hypertension (158, 159)
Erectile dysfunction (160)
Organ transplantation (161)
Memory consolidation of object information (162) |
| PDE6 |
6A, 6B, 6C |
cGMP |
Zaprinast
Dipyridamole
Vardenafil
Tadalafil
E4021
DMPPO |
Transducin-activated |
— |
| PDE7 |
7A, 7B |
cAMP |
Dipyridamole
BRL 50481
IC242
BMS-586353
Thiadiazoles |
Rolipram-insensitive |
— |
| PDE8 |
8A, 8B |
cAMP |
Dipyridamole |
Rolipram-insensitive
IBMX-insensitive |
— |
| PDE9 |
9A |
cGMP |
Zaprinast
SCH 51866 |
IBMX-insensitive |
— |
| PDE10 |
10A |
cAMP/cGMP |
Dipyridamole
Papaverine |
Unknown |
— |
| PDE11 |
11A |
cAMP/cGMP |
Tadalafil
Zaprinast
Dipyridamole |
Unknown |
— |
|
| a COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. |
